Basic inji Properties na karfe kayan

Kaddarorin kayan ƙarfe gabaɗaya an kasu kashi biyu: aikin tsari da aikin amfani. Abin da ake kira aikin aikin yana nufin aikin kayan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin sanyi da zafi mai zafi yayin aikin masana'antu na sassa na inji. Ingancin aikin aiwatar da kayan ƙarfe yana ƙayyade daidaitawar sa don sarrafawa da ƙirƙirar yayin aikin masana'anta. Saboda daban-daban aiki yanayi, da ake bukata tsari Properties ne ma daban-daban, kamar simintin yi, weldability, forgeability, zafi jiyya yi, yankan processability, da dai sauransu Abin da ake kira yi yana nufin wasan kwaikwayon na karfe kayan a karkashin yanayi na yin amfani da. sassa na inji, wanda ya haɗa da kaddarorin inji, kayan aikin jiki, kaddarorin sinadarai, da dai sauransu Ayyukan kayan ƙarfe yana ƙayyade kewayon amfani da rayuwar sabis.

A cikin masana'antar kera injina, ana amfani da sassan injin gabaɗaya a cikin yanayin zafi na al'ada, matsa lamba na al'ada da kafofin watsa labarai marasa ƙarfi, kuma yayin amfani, kowane ɓangaren injin zai ɗauki nau'i daban-daban. Ƙarfin kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin kaya ana kiransa kayan aikin injiniya (ko kayan aikin injiniya). Abubuwan kayan aikin injiniya na kayan ƙarfe sune babban tushe don ƙira da zaɓin kayan sassa. Dangane da yanayin nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi (kamar tashin hankali, matsawa, torsion, tasiri, nauyin cyclic, da dai sauransu), kayan aikin injiniya da ake buƙata don kayan ƙarfe kuma za su bambanta. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na inji sun haɗa da: ƙarfi, filastik, taurin, tauri, juriya mai yawa da iyaka ga gajiya. Ana tattauna kowane kayan aikin injiniya daban a ƙasa.

1. Qarfi

Ƙarfi yana nufin ƙarfin kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da lalacewa (yawan nakasar filastik ko karaya) ƙarƙashin kaya mai tsayi. Tun lokacin da kaya ke aiki a cikin nau'i na tashin hankali, matsawa, lankwasa, shearing, da dai sauransu, ƙarfin kuma ya kasu kashi zuwa ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin matsawa, ƙarfin sassauƙa, ƙarfin ƙarfi, da dai sauransu sau da yawa akwai dangantaka tsakanin karfi daban-daban. A cikin amfani, ana amfani da ƙarfin juzu'i gabaɗaya azaman fihirisar ƙarfin ƙarfi.

2. Filastik

Plasticity yana nufin ikon kayan ƙarfe don samar da nakasar filastik (nakasar dindindin) ba tare da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin kaya ba.

3.Tauri

Tauri shine ma'auni na yadda kayan ƙarfe ke da wuya ko taushi. A halin yanzu, hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita wajen auna taurin wajen samarwa ita ce hanyar taurin ciki, wacce ke amfani da indenter na wani nau'in siffar geometric don danna saman saman kayan karfen da ake gwadawa a karkashin wani kaya, kuma ana auna darajar taurin. dangane da matakin shiga.
Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da taurin Brinell (HB), hardness Rockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC) da Vickers hardness (HV).

4. Gajiya

Ƙarfin, robobi, da taurin da aka tattauna a baya duk alamun aikin injiniya ne na ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin kaya mai tsayi. A gaskiya ma, yawancin sassan injin ana sarrafa su a ƙarƙashin hawan keke, kuma gajiya zai faru a cikin sassan da ke ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi.

5. Taurin tasiri

Nauyin da ke aiki akan sashin injin a cikin sauri mai girma ana kiransa tasirin tasiri, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfe don tsayayya da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin tasirin tasirin ana kiransa tasirin tasiri.