Abubuwan da suka shafi kayan ƙarfe na asali

Halayen kayan ƙarfe gabaɗaya an raba su zuwa rukuni biyu: aikin tsari da aikin amfani. Abin da ake kira aikin tsari yana nufin aikin kayan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin sarrafa sanyi da zafi yayin aikin kera sassan injina. Ingancin aikin kayan ƙarfe yana ƙayyade iya daidaitawarsa ga sarrafawa da samarwa yayin aikin kera. Saboda yanayin sarrafawa daban-daban, halayen aikin da ake buƙata suma sun bambanta, kamar aikin siminti, iya walda, iya ƙirƙira, aikin maganin zafi, iya yankewa, da sauransu. Abin da ake kira aiki yana nufin aikin kayan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani da sassan injina, wanda ya haɗa da halayen injiniya, halayen jiki, halayen sinadarai, da sauransu. Aikin kayan ƙarfe yana ƙayyade kewayon amfaninsa da tsawon lokacin sabis.

A masana'antar kera injina, ana amfani da sassan injina na gabaɗaya a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, matsin lamba na yau da kullun da kuma hanyoyin da ba su da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yayin amfani, kowane ɓangaren injina zai ɗauki nau'ikan kaya daban-daban. Ikon kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin kaya ana kiransa da kaddarorin injina (ko halayen injina). Halayen injina na kayan ƙarfe sune babban tushen ƙira da zaɓin kayan sassa. Dangane da yanayin nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi (kamar tashin hankali, matsi, juyawa, tasiri, nauyin cyclic, da sauransu), halayen injina da ake buƙata don kayan ƙarfe suma za su bambanta. Halayen injina da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da: ƙarfi, laushi, tauri, tauri, juriya da yawa da iyakokin gajiya. An tattauna kowace halayya ta injina daban a ƙasa.

1. Ƙarfi

Ƙarfi yana nufin ikon kayan ƙarfe na jure lalacewa (ƙarancin nakasa ko karyewar filastik) a ƙarƙashin nauyin da ba ya canzawa. Tunda nauyin yana aiki ne ta hanyar tashin hankali, matsi, lanƙwasawa, yankewa, da sauransu, ƙarfin kuma ana raba shi zuwa ƙarfin tensile, ƙarfin matsi, ƙarfin lanƙwasa, ƙarfin yankewa, da sauransu. Sau da yawa akwai wata alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfi daban-daban. A amfani, ƙarfin tensile gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi azaman ma'aunin ƙarfi mafi mahimmanci.

2. Tsarin filastik

Roba yana nufin ikon kayan ƙarfe don samar da nakasar filastik (nakasar dindindin) ba tare da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin kaya ba.

3. Taurin kai

Tauri ma'auni ne na yadda kayan ƙarfe suke da tauri ko laushi. A halin yanzu, hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita don auna tauri a samarwa ita ce hanyar tauri tauri tauri tauri, wadda ke amfani da indent na wani siffa ta geometric don matsawa saman kayan ƙarfe da ake gwadawa ƙarƙashin wani nau'i na kaya, kuma ana auna ƙimar tauri bisa ga matakin shiga.
Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da taurin Brinell (HB), taurin Rockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC) da kuma taurin Vickers (HV).

4. Gajiya

Ƙarfi, ƙarfin aiki, da tauri da aka tattauna a baya duk alamu ne na aikin injiniya na ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin nauyin da ba ya canzawa. A gaskiya ma, ana sarrafa sassan injina da yawa a ƙarƙashin nauyin da ke zagaye, kuma gajiya za ta faru a cikin sassan a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi.

5. Taurin tasiri

Ana kiran nauyin da ke aiki a kan sashin injin a cikin babban gudu, kuma ikon ƙarfe na tsayayya da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin nauyin tasiri ana kiransa da taurin tasiri.