Ikon kayan karfe don tsayayya da shigarwar saman da abubuwa masu wahala ana kiranta taurin kai. Dangane da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban da kuma ikon yin amfani da aikace-aikacen, daurin kai ga taurin Brasell, da taurin kai, Hardness, rataye, karancin karfi da kuma tsananin zafin jiki. Akwai hanyoyi uku da ake amfani da su ga bututu: Brinell, Tlockwell, da Vickers da taurin kai.
A. Bratinell Hardness (HB)
Yi amfani da kwallon karfe ko kwalban katako na wani diamita don latsa cikin samfurin tare da gyaran gwajin (F). Bayan ƙayyadadden lokacin rike, cire ƙarfin gwajin kuma auna diamita na ciki (l) akan samfurin. Brastell Hardion Darajar shine abin da aka samo ta hanyar rarraba ikon gwajin ta fuskar yanki na Inneted. Bayyana a cikin HBB (Ball Karfe), naúrar ita ce N / MM2 (MPA).
Tsarin lissafi shine:
A cikin dabara: f - tilasta wajan gwajin a farfajiya na samfurin ƙarfe, n;
D-diamita na ball don gwaji, mm;
d-matsakaita diamita na shiga, mm.
Matsayi na Hernell, ya fi dacewa kuma abin dogara, amma gabaɗaya HBS kawai ya dace da kayan ƙarfe ko faranti. Daga cikin ƙa'idodin bututun ƙarfe, ƙarfin Brinell ya fi yawa amfani. An yi amfani da diamita na ciki D sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don bayyana taurin kayan, wanda yake duka halaye da dacewa.
Misali: 120hbs10 / 1000130: Yana nufin cewa darajar ƙwayar Bratinell ta auna ta amfani da ƙwayoyin gwajin na 1mmkf (9.807kn) na 30s (MPa).
B. Rockwell, ya kai (hr)
Gwajin Hardness ya yi, kamar gwajin ta Bralinell, hanyar da aka yiwa ta hannu ce. Bambanci shine yana auna zurfin ciki ne. Wato, a ƙarƙashin aikin da aka fara gwajin farko (fo) da kuma yawan gwajin gwaji (F), indynet (mazugi ko ƙarfe (maji ko ƙarfe (maji ko ƙarfe (maji ko ƙarfe) an guji a cikin malin niƙa) an guga shi a cikin ƙasa. Bayan da aka ƙayyade lokacin rike, an cire babban karfi. Forcearfin gwaji, yi amfani da yanayin zurfin rayuwa mai zurfi (e) don ƙididdige darajar kiɗan. Its value is an anonymous number, represented by the symbol HR, and the scales used include 9 scales, including A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and K. Among them, the scales commonly used for steel hardness testing are generally A, B, and C, namely HRA, HRB, and HRC.
An ƙididdige ƙimar m darajar ta amfani da wannan tsari:
Lokacin gwaji tare da A da C sikeli, Hr = 100-e
Lokacin da gwaji tare da B sikeli, Hr = 130-e
A cikin dabara, e - Resenting Innentation Indent An bayyana a cikin ƙayyadadden ɓangaren ɓangaren kashi na 0.002mm, wanda yake, lokacin da ake amfani da canji a cikin ƙarfi ta lamba ɗaya. Babban darajar E, ƙananan wuya na karfe, da kuma akasin haka.
Scopearancin ikon da aka zartar na sama uku yana da kamar haka:
HRA (Diamonond Conoond Indentter) 20-88
HRC (Diamond Conoon Indentter) 20-70
Hrb (diamita 1.588mmm karfe ball indietter) 20-100
Hanya mai tsauri shine hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita sosai a halin yanzu, inda HRC ke amfani da HRC a cikin bututun ƙarfe na karfe na biyu kawai ga Bratinell da ke HB. Za'a iya amfani da taurin kai don auna kayan ƙarfe daga gagarumar da taushi zuwa ga matuƙar wuya. Yana yin aiki don ga ga ga gazawar hanyar Braskon Braskon. Yana da sauki fiye da hanyar brinell kuma darajar taurin kai tsaye daga buga na'urar taurin kai. Koyaya, saboda karamin intentation, darajar ta haramun ba daidai bane kamar hanyar brinell.
C. Vickers Hardness (HV)
Gwajin da ke da kyau kuma hanyar gwajin rubutu ce. Yana da extra ciyayi na Dyramidal Diamond na Diamond tare da kusurwa na 1360 tsakanin gabaɗaya a cikin gwajin gwaji a cikin gwajin da aka zaɓa (F), kuma yana cire shi bayan ƙayyadadden lokaci. Karfi, auna tsawon diron biyu na shiga.
Masu ba da darajar kifayen Vickers shine abin da aka ambata na rundunar jarabawar da aka raba ta hanyar saman farfajiya. Tsarin aikinta shine:
A cikin dabara: Alamar Hv-Vikers ta alama, N / MM2 (MPA);
F-gwajin F-Gwaji, N;
D-da ilmin lissafi nufin na biyu diagonals na ciki, mm.
Sojojin gwajin sun yi amfani da su a cikin taurarori masu ƙarfi shine 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (980.2), 100 (980.7), 100 (980.7), 100 (99.1), 100 (980.7). Za'a iya auna darajar taurin kai da kewayon 5 ~ 1000hv.
Misalin hanyar magana: 640HV30 / 20 yana nufin cewa ƙididdigar kifayen da aka auna tare da ƙarfin gwaji na 30hgf (seconds / MM2 (MPa) shine 640n / MM2 (MPA).
Za'a iya amfani da hanyar da keɓa wa vicers don ƙayyade taurin ƙwanƙwasa kayan ƙarfe da yadudduka ƙasa. Yana da manyan fa'idodi na Brinell da kuma shingen shinge kuma sun rinjayi kasawarsu na asali, amma ba mai sauki bane kamar hanyar tilverwell. Ba a amfani da hanyar VicRers a matsayin bututun karfe.
Lokaci: Apr-03-2024