Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai aiki da sanyi musamman don yin tambari, gogewa, ƙirƙirar, lanƙwasawa, fitar da sanyi, zane mai sanyi, ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, da sauransu. Yana buƙatar tauri mai yawa, juriya mai yawa da isasshen ƙarfi. Gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: nau'in gabaɗaya da nau'in musamman. Misali, ƙarfe mai aiki da sanyi na gabaɗaya a Amurka yawanci ya haɗa da nau'ikan ƙarfe huɗu: 01, A2, D2, da D3. Kwatanta matakan ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai aiki da sanyi na gabaɗaya a ƙasashe daban-daban an nuna su a cikin Jadawali na 4. Dangane da ƙa'idar JIS ta Japan, manyan nau'ikan ƙarfe mai aiki da sanyi da za a iya amfani da su sune jerin SK, gami da ƙarfe mai aiki da carbon na jerin SK, ƙarfe mai aiki da ... Tare da canje-canje a fasahar sarrafawa, kayan da aka sarrafa da kuma buƙatar ƙira, ainihin jerin kayan aiki ba zai iya biyan buƙatun ba. Masana'antun ƙarfe na Japan da manyan masana'antun ƙarfe na Turai sun ƙera ƙarfe na musamman na musamman na aikin sanyi, kuma a hankali sun ƙirƙiri jerin ƙarfe na aikin sanyi, haɓaka waɗannan ƙarfe na aikin sanyi kuma shine alkiblar ci gaban ƙarfe na aikin sanyi.
Karfe mai ƙarancin iska mai kashe sanyi wanda ke kashe iska
Tare da haɓaka fasahar sarrafa zafi, musamman amfani da fasahar kashe zafi a masana'antar mold, don rage lalacewar kashewa, an ƙirƙiri wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarancin iska a gida da waje. Wannan nau'in ƙarfe yana buƙatar ingantaccen tauri da maganin zafi. Yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙarfi mai kyau da tauri, kuma yana da wasu juriyar lalacewa. Duk da cewa ƙarfe mai sanyi mai ƙarfi (kamar D2, A2) yana da kyakkyawan tauri, yana da babban abun ciki na gami kuma yana da tsada. Saboda haka, an ƙera wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarancin ƙarfe a gida da waje. Wannan nau'in ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana ɗauke da abubuwan ƙarfe masu Cr da Mn don inganta tauri. Jimlar abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan ƙarfe gabaɗaya shine <5%. Ya dace da ƙera sassan daidai gwargwado tare da ƙananan rukunin samarwa. Ƙwayoyin cuta masu rikitarwa. Manyan ma'aunin ƙarfe sun haɗa da A6 daga Amurka, ACD37 daga Hitachi Metals, G04 daga Daido Special Steel, AKS3 daga Aichi Steel, da sauransu. Karfe GD na China, bayan an kashe shi a 900°C kuma an rage shi zuwa 200°C, zai iya riƙe wani adadin austenite mai riƙewa kuma yana da ƙarfi mai kyau, tauri da kwanciyar hankali. Ana iya amfani da shi don yin mashinan tambari masu sanyi waɗanda ke iya fashewa da karyewa. Tsawon rai mai kyau.
Karfe mai kama da wuta
Domin rage zagayowar kera mold, sauƙaƙe tsarin maganin zafi, adana makamashi da rage farashin kera mold. Japan ta ƙirƙiro wasu ƙarfe na musamman na aikin sanyi don buƙatun kashe wuta. Waɗanda aka fi sani sun haɗa da Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, da sauransu. China ta ƙirƙiro 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in ƙarfe don dumama ruwan wukake ko wasu sassan mold ta amfani da bindigar feshi oxyacetylene ko wasu masu dumama bayan an sarrafa mold ɗin sannan a sanyaya shi a iska kuma a kashe shi. Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da shi kai tsaye bayan an kashe shi. Saboda sauƙin aikin sa, ana amfani da shi sosai a Japan. Nau'in ƙarfe mai wakiltar wannan nau'in ƙarfe shine 7CrSiMnMoV, wanda ke da kyakkyawan tauri. Lokacin da aka kashe ƙarfe φ80mm mai, tauri a nesa na 30mm daga saman zai iya kaiwa 60HRC. Bambancin tauri tsakanin tsakiya da saman shine 3HRC. Lokacin da ake kashe harshen wuta, Bayan an kunna shi a 180 ~ 200°C kuma an dumama shi zuwa 900-1000°C don kashewa da bindiga mai feshi, tauri zai iya kaiwa sama da 60HRC kuma za a iya samun Layer mai tauri sama da 1.5mm.
Babban tauri, juriya mai ƙarfi na aiki mai sanyi
Domin inganta taurin ƙarfe mai aiki da sanyi da kuma rage juriyar lalacewa ta ƙarfe, wasu manyan kamfanonin samar da ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje sun ci gaba da ƙirƙiro jerin ƙarfe masu aiki da sanyi waɗanda ke da ƙarfi da juriyar lalacewa. Wannan nau'in ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana ɗauke da kusan kashi 1% na carbon da 8% Cr. Tare da ƙarin Mo, V, Si da sauran abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe, carbide ɗinsa suna da kyau, an rarraba su daidai gwargwado, kuma taurinsa ya fi na ƙarfe irin na Cr12 girma, yayin da juriyarsa ta yi kama da tauri. Taurinsu, ƙarfin lanƙwasawa, ƙarfin gajiya da taurin karyewa suna da yawa, kuma kwanciyar hankalinsu na hana zafi shi ma ya fi na ƙarfe irin na Crl2 girma. Sun dace da nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe masu sauri da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe masu yawa. Nau'ikan ƙarfe masu wakiltar wannan nau'in ƙarfe sune DC53 na Japan tare da ƙarancin abun ciki na V da CRU-WEAR tare da babban abun ciki na V. DC53 yana kashewa a 1020-1040°C kuma taurin zai iya kaiwa 62-63HRC bayan sanyaya iska. Ana iya rage shi a yanayin zafi mai ƙanƙanta (180 ~ 200℃) da kuma yanayin zafi mai zafi (500 ~ 550℃), ƙarfinsa zai iya kaiwa sau 1 fiye da D2, kuma ƙarfinsa ya fi na D2 da kashi 20%; bayan ƙirƙirar da birgima na CRU-WEAR, ana cire shi kuma ana ƙara shi a zafin 850-870℃. Ƙasa da 30℃/awa, a sanyaya shi zuwa 650℃ sannan a sake shi, taurin zai iya kaiwa 225-255HB, za a iya zaɓar zafin da za a iya kashewa a cikin kewayon 1020 ~ 1120℃, taurin zai iya kaiwa 63HRC, a rage shi a 480 ~ 570℃ bisa ga yanayin amfani, tare da bayyanannen sakandare Tasirin tauri, juriyar sawa da tauri sun fi D2 kyau.
Base steel (babban gudu karfe)
An yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sauri sosai a ƙasashen waje don ƙera ƙirar aiki mai ƙarfi da na dogon lokaci saboda kyakkyawan juriyar lalacewa da kuma ja mai tauri, kamar ƙarfe mai sauri na Japan SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Domin daidaitawa da buƙatun ƙirar, sau da yawa ana inganta tauri ta hanyar rage zafin kashewa, kashe tauri ko rage yawan carbon a cikin ƙarfe mai sauri. Ana ƙera ƙarfen Matrix daga ƙarfe mai sauri, kuma sinadaran sa daidai yake da tsarin matrix na ƙarfe mai sauri bayan kashewa. Saboda haka, adadin carbide da suka rage bayan kashewa ƙanana ne kuma an rarraba su daidai, wanda hakan yana inganta tauri na ƙarfe idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe mai sauri. Amurka da Japan sun yi nazarin ƙarfe masu tushe tare da maki VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 da MOD2 a farkon shekarun 1970. Kwanan nan, an ƙirƙiri DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, da sauransu. Ana amfani da su gabaɗaya don ƙirar aikin sanyi waɗanda ke buƙatar tauri mafi girma da kwanciyar hankali mai hana zafi. Kasar Sin ta kuma ƙera wasu ƙarfe masu tushe, kamar 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi da sauran ƙarfe. Wannan nau'in ƙarfe yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin fitar da ƙarfe mai sanyi, naushi mai kauri a kan farantin, tayoyin da aka yi da zare, mashin ɗin da aka yi da inspiration, mashin ɗin da aka yi da cold heading, da sauransu, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman mashin ɗin da aka yi da ɗumi.
ƙarfe mai ƙarfi
Karfe mai aiki da sanyi irin na LEDB wanda aka samar ta hanyar hanyoyin gargajiya, musamman kayan aiki masu girma dabam dabam, yana da kauri mai kauri da kuma rarrabawa mara daidaituwa, wanda hakan ke rage tauri, niƙa da kuma rashin daidaituwar ƙarfe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan kamfanonin ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke samar da kayan aiki da ƙarfe mai yawa sun mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar jerin ƙarfe mai sauri da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, wanda ya haifar da saurin haɓaka wannan nau'in ƙarfe. Ta amfani da tsarin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, foda na ƙarfe mai atom yana sanyaya da sauri kuma carbide ɗin da aka samar suna da kyau da daidaito, wanda hakan ke inganta tauri, sauƙin niƙa da isotropy na kayan ƙira. Saboda wannan tsari na musamman na samarwa, carbide suna da kyau kuma iri ɗaya, kuma ana inganta aikin injina da niƙa, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara yawan carbon da vanadium a cikin ƙarfe, don haka haɓaka jerin sabbin nau'ikan ƙarfe. Misali, jerin DEX na Datong na Japan (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, da sauransu), jerin HAP na Hitachi Metal, jerin FAX na Fujikoshi, jerin VANADIS na UDDEHOLM, jerin ASP na Erasteel na Faransa, da kuma kayan aikin ƙarfe na foda na kamfanin CRUCIBLE na Amurka da ƙarfe na die suna ci gaba cikin sauri. Suna ƙirƙirar jerin ƙarfe na foda kamar CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, da sauransu, juriyarsu da taurinsu sun inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe na kayan aiki da ƙarfe na die da aka ƙera ta hanyar tsarin yau da kullun.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-02-2024
